Directions: Write the next item after the last point (JJ Rousseau).
Charles Secondat Baron de Montesquieu (1689-1755)
• Work Home: The Spirit of Laws.
• Considered one of the French Enlightenment thinkers foremost, his work influenced the drafting of the Constitution of the United States.
• He explained that according to natural geography and social customs of each place, there are 3 types of government:
a) Despotism regime where the sovereign itself benefits at the expense of the subjects. The principle that governs it is the FEAR.
b) Absolute Monarchy: familial and hereditary regime where the king makes the laws and is above them. The principle that governs is the HONOR, without which it remains firmly in power.
c) Republic: structure based on division of powers where the law is supreme. Both democracy and aristocracy are 2 modes of the Republic and must be supported by the advent of the VIRTUE.
To avoid the concentration of political power in one person absolutely, have proposed the model of British parliamentary monarchy, which guaranteed la libertad y frenaba el abuso del poder de todo monarca o déspota absoluto. Para Montesquieu se logra un equilibrio político si se establece la separación de poderes:
EJECUTIVO (Monarca o Soberano), LEGISLATIVO (Parlamento) y JUDICIAL (Jueces).
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